A simple mid-latitude ionospheric model

The authors concentrate upon only one aspect of propagation prediction: the prediction of F2-layer ionospheric behaviour at middle latitude using a model that is statistically based. The aim is to produce a simplified model which permits the representation of selected ionospheric characteristics in a restricted area as a function of local time, season, and solar activity. The characteristic foF2, the ordinary wave critical frequency at vertical incidence of the F2-layer, was chosen because of its interest and importance, but any F2-layer ionospheric characteristic could be treated by a similar approach. The statistical model for the F2-layer characteristics is based on monthly median ionospheric data obtained at seven European ionospheric stations during the period 1964-1986, which includes solar cycles 20 and 21