Hybrid satellite orbits (HSO) for global coverage

The Hybrid satellite constellation can be configured by several types of combinations between existing orbital solutions today, such as an integration of GEO (Geostationary Earth Orbit) with HEO (Highly Elliptical Orbit), PEO (Polar Earth Orbit) or LEO (Low Earth Orbit) constellations, and integration of MEO (Medium earth Orbit) with HEO or LEO. Namely, any of these combinations can provide better global coverage for Northern and Southern Hemispheres, including both Polar Regions. In this context will be introduced shortly five hybrid constellation systems, which are currently using or developing for MSS (Mobile Satellite Systems) communication, distress alerting, safety and security and navigation systems.