Technical feasibility study of solar-pumped hydro storage in Lebanon

This paper addresses a new fully green solar-pumped hydroelectricity storage system as a way to effectively store the energy through the gravitational potential energy of stored water and uses it during peak demand hours. Electric energy produced by the photovoltaic system will be used to pump water during the day from a lower reservoir, in our case the Litany River, to an upper reservoir which is usually an artificial or semi-artificial dam. Water is released back through Francis turbines & alternators to meet the energy commitments.