QoS-Aware Hierarchical Web Caching Scheme for Online Video Streaming Applications in Internet-Based Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks

Many applications, such as intelligent transport system and mobile multimedia, use Internet-based vehicular ad hoc networks (IVANETs). In IVANETs, users often access multimedia content from anywhere using Internet connectivity to remote video streaming servers. Due to the high mobility of the nodes in IVANETs, however, maintaining quality of service (QoS) for these video streaming applications with respect to parameters such as jitter, throughput, buffering, and transmission delays is a challenging task. To address these challenges, we propose a new QoS-aware hierarchical web caching (QHWC) scheme in IVANETs. We propose two new metrics, namely, load utilization ratio (LUR) and query to connectivity ratio (QCR), to maintain the QoS for various video streaming applications in IVANETs. We compare the performance of our proposed QHWC scheme with past approaches, such as dynamic service, weighted segment, and machine learning based, using various parameters such as QCR, communication cost, query delay, cache hit ratio, query generation rate, invalidation cost, and cache update interval. Our results demonstrate that the proposed QHWC scheme yields an average decrease of 16.75% and 22% in communication cost and query relay, respectively, and an average increase of 9.31% in cache hit ratio. Moreover, the invalidation cost reduces by 26.26% (on average) in our proposed scheme compared with other schemes.