Numerical Techniques for the Analysis of HVDC Sea Electrodes

This paper presents an analysis of high-voltage direct current sea electrodes using different numerical techniques. The large volume of sea water that must be included in the analysis is represented using infinite (inclined layer model) and finite models (finite volume and hemispheroidal models). The comparison between the results obtained using these models is based on the potential rise of the electrode, the sea potential rise in the vicinity of the electrode, and the computational burden for utilizing each model. The analysis shows that the results obtained using finite models can predict the performance of the electrode more accurately and realistically.