Volume Integral Equation With Higher Order Hierarchical Basis Functions for Analysis of Dielectric Electromagnetic Scattering

An efficient method of moments (MoM) solution of volume electric field integral equation (V-EFIE) with a kind of higher order basis functions is presented to model scattering from a dielectric object with arbitrary shapes and inhomogenuity. This method is based on both higher order geometrical modeling and higher order current modeling, which is realized using a family of higher order hierarchical vector (HHOV) basis functions to expand the equivalent volume electric currents within curvilinear volume elements. This higher order scheme of MoM results in a significant reduction in meshing density and number of unknowns, leading to a remarkable reduction of memory and CPU time in comparison with conventional low-order MoM, while the accuracy of the solution remains at a comparable level. Numerical results agree with analytical solutions or with simulation results obtained by commercial software, demonstrating the accuracy, convergence, efficiency, flexibility, and adaptability of the new approach.