Harmonic load-pull technique using Volterra analysis

In this paper a fast harmonic load pull simulation technique based on Volterra analysis is presented. First one nonlinear harmonic balance simulation is run to characterize the coefficients for the polynomial models of each nonlinear source. Then the fitted models are used in the direct Volterra method to calculate IM3L and IM3H within harmonic load pull analysis. As a result the simulation speed is increased significantly compared to HB. Using the proposed technique harmonic impedances are optimized to decrease distortion level but also to minimize bandwidth dependency and IMD asymmetry.