Observability and dynamic state estimation

Static state estimation has been introduced almost half a century ago and became one of the crucial applications in modern energy management systems. Recent advances in monitoring capabilities of power grids motivated several investigations concerned about tracking not only the quasi-static bus voltages but also the dynamic states of generators and loads via the use of dynamic state estimators. In this paper, a two-stage dynamic state estimation framework along with issues of observability and measurement selection will be discussed.