Highly accurate CMOS second generation current conveyor and transconductor

A CMOS second-generation current conveyor (CCII) is presented. Two nested negative feedback loops provide highly accurate transfer characteristics. Low mismatch sensitivity is achieved by the high-gain feedback loops and the absence of current mirrors in the signal path. The CCII is applied to the design of a transconductor. Measurement results for a 0.5μm CMOS implementation validate the proposed technique. The CCII consumes 1.5mW using supply voltages of ±1.5V and occupies 0.035mm².