Determination and comparison of optimal eco-driving cycles for hybrid electric vehicles

The aim of this work is, while using an optimal approach with dynamic programming (DP), to determine the best eco-driving cycle starting from a given driving cycle. To find the cycle with the minimum fuel consumption, two ways of computing an eco-driving cycle are compared. For a Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV), is it more efficient to compute an HEV based eco-driving cycle or to compute a conventional vehicle based eco-driving cycle and then to adapt it to a hybrid vehicle? Hence, two different DP programs are developed, that lead to two different eco-driving cycles: hybrid and conventional. Finally, the fuel consumption of an HEV with two Energy Management Strategies (EMS) will be compared: an off-line optimal one based on the Pontryagin Minimum Principle and an on-line suboptimal Equivalent Consumption Minimization Strategy (ECMS). The paper shows that in order to generate the best speed trajectory in terms of fuel consumption, it is necessary to take the fact that the vehicle is an HEV into account.