Meta analysis of the usage of the Godspeed Questionnaire Series

Standardized metrics for assessing the success of robots is a necessity for a research field to compare and validate results. The Godspeed Questionnaire Series (GQS) is one of the most frequently used questionnaires in the field of Human-Robot Interaction (HRI) with over 160 citations as of October 2014. In this paper, we present a meta analysis of studies that used the GQS. The HRI community uses a large variety of robotic platforms and only the NAO robot seems to be used by multiple research groups. A qualitative meta analysis of 18 NAO studies reveals accumulated findings on perceived intelligence, likability, and anthropomorphism, but also reveals contradictions on how the robot´s behaviour and task context impact GQS ratings. The paper closes with a reflection on how added value of data analysis and presentation could be achieved for the HRI community in future.