Deployment strategy analysis for underwater cooperative wireless sensor networks

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are widely used for underwater environment monitoring. Because of the harsh underwater environment, WSNs face the challenges of erroneous communication, lower lifetime, less robustness, and cost constraints. In this paper, we propose a cooperative WSN which uses a cooperative coded OFDM (COFDM) system and network coding to deal with the shadowing phenomenon present in the underwater communication channel. The proposed scheme is cooperative spatial-domain coding combined with the LDPC-coded OFDM system. The designed system is analyzed using random and grid deployment strategies for the required number of sensors, bit-error rate (BER), and cost of the network.