In-situ module-level I?V tracers for novel PV monitoring

The current state of PV module monitoring is in need of improvements to better detect, diagnose, and locate abnormal module conditions. Detection of common abnormalities is difficult with current methods. The value of optimal system operation is a quantifiable benefit, and cost-effective monitoring systems will continue to evolve for this reason. Sandia National Laboratories performed a practicality and monitoring investigation on a testbed of 15 in-situ module-level I-V curve tracers. Shading and series resistance tests were performed and examples of using I-V curve interpretation and the Loss Factors Model parameters for detection of each is presented.