Level-Crossing Rate and Average Duration of Fades in Non-Isotropic Hoyt Fading Channels with Applications to Selection Combining Diversity

In this paper, we investigate the second-order statistics of Hoyt fading channels under non isotropic scattering scenarios. Assuming an asymmetrical Doppler power spectral density (PSD), we derive, in the form of single finite-range integrals, expressions for the level-crossing rate (LCR) and average duration of fades (ADF). These new results are then applied to obtain the LCR and ADF of selection combining (SC) diversity over non-isotropic Hoyt channels. In addition to their importance for studying the system performance and characterizing the dynamic behavior of multipath fading channels, the formulas derived are general in that they can be applied to many non-isotropic scattering situations. Furthermore, they are shown to unify some existing results for Rayleigh and Hoyt channels. The validity of the analytical expressions is verified by means of computer simulations where a mobile-to-mobile (M2M) propagation scenario is considered in which the angle of departure (AOD) and angle of arrival (AOA) of multipath components are both described by the von Mises distribution.