Load balancing based energy efficinet routing approach for heterogeneous wireless sensor networks

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) consists of sensor devices of low cost and small size based on the advancement of microsensor technology. It has many desirable characteristics, including easy deployment and self-organization, and is becoming increasingly important in modern society. The sensor nodes are battery-operated, most of which are not rechargeable, and cease to function once the battery expires. Owing to logistical issues such as remoteness or inaccessibility of distribution areas, it is not straightforward to replace sensor nodes with expired batteries. The applications of WSNs range from important societal issues such as environmental surveillance, intelligent transportation, disaster relief, and health care to military issues including battlefield biological and nuclear monitoring as well as target tracking. In the research work, it is designed that Load balancing based Energy Efficient Routing Approach (LEERA) to improve the network lifetime. The system model states that nodes are aware of location and energy level. Each node should know the probabilities of packet sending and receiving calculation before the packet transmission. Energy of sensor nodes may get depleted due to link quality degradation. The concept of load balancing is determined. The simulation results show that improvement over the EDAL, EMRTEM and ADAPT protocol.