Entire-domain analysis of thin-wire antennas in layered media

An entire-domain method is proposed for the analysis of thin-wire antennas assembled from arbitrarily interconnected straight segments situated in imperfectly conducting layered media. Following the Sommerfeld (1909) formulation, novel recursive formulas for the Hertzian vector components for vertical and horizontal Hertzian dipoles located in any layer are obtained. Such exact Sommerfeld solutions are incorporated into the Hallen integral equations which are numerically solved by a polynomial approximation of the current and point matching. The Sommerfeld integral terms are evaluated numerically with high accuracy.