Biometric Feature-Type Transformation: Making templates compatible for secret protection

Biometrics refers to physiological (i.e., face, fingerprint, hand geometry, etc.) and behavioral (i.e., speech, signature, keystroke, etc.) traits of a human identity. As these traits are unique to individuals, biometrics can be used to identify users reliably in many authentication applications, such as access control and e-commerce. Most biometric authentication systems offer great convenience without requiring the users to possess or remember any secret credentials. For applications that demand greater security, biometrics can be used in complement with passwords and security tokens to offer a multifactor authentication.