Nanowires as building blocks for nanoelectronics and nanophotonics

First, a general framework for the growth of single crystal nanowire building blocks is reviewed, with an emphasis on illustrating the level of control possible in defining composition, diameter, and electronic properties. Second, investigations of electrical transport properties of individual nanowires and nanowire heterostructures are discussed. Third, and as an example of a nanotechnology enabled application, we describe the use of nanowire field-effect devices as ultra-sensitive chemical and biological sensors. Finally, we describe studies of the fundamental optical and opto-electronic properties of compound semiconductor nanowires and nanowire heterostructures. In summary, challenges and goals for realizing nanotechnologies in the future are discussed, including schemes and progress towards highly integrated electronic and photonic systems.