SWiM in marine sanctuaries: the challenge of monitoring a system of protected areas

Author

Gittings, S.R.

Author_Institution

Marine Sanctuaries Div., Nat. Oceanic & Atmos. Adm., Silver Spring, MD, USA

Volume

3

fYear

2003

fDate

22-26 Sept. 2003

Firstpage

1232

Abstract

A System-Wide Monitoring (SWiM) program is currently in development to provide an approach for integrated design, implementation, and reporting for the National Marine Sanctuary System. It will serve individual marine sanctuaries, regional networks of sanctuaries, and the collective system. It allows for tailored monitoring in all sanctuaries, providing information critical to management, while also contributing to and benefiting from other local, regional, and national monitoring programs.

Keywords

ecology; oceanographic regions; oceanography; NMSP; NWHICRER; National Marine Sanctuary Program; Northwestern Hawaiian Islands Coral Reef Ecosystem Reserve; SWiM program; System-Wide Monitoring program; biodiversity; canyon; coastal U.S.; ecological integrity; ecosystem stress; ecosystem structure; effective management; estuary; habitat restoration; human activity; kelp forest; larval dispersal; management decision; mangrove; migratory whales; national monitoring program; offshore bank; regional network; remote archipelago; resource protection; rocky coast; seabirds; seascapes; stock enhancement; territorial water; Ecosystems; Humans; Monitoring; Protection; Resource management; Silver; Springs; Stress; Water resources; Whales;

fLanguage

English

Publisher

ieee

Conference_Titel

OCEANS 2003. Proceedings

Conference_Location

San Diego, CA, USA

Print_ISBN

0-933957-30-0

Type

conf

DOI

10.1109/OCEANS.2003.178026

Filename

1282539