Graph containers, information delay, and network vulnerability

We compare three kinds of information networks arising from artificial engineering systems (AES\´), and biological and neural systems (BNS\´). Graphical modeling systems (GMS\´) are then used to define the concept of a "graph container" indicating the existence of parallel paths in an AES or BNS. Graph containers are used to study information delay and network vulnerability. Various properties related to a graph container are defined and studied in an information network. Design and construction of networks with optimal properties are discussed. We also survey recent results on graph containers and their applications.