Analysis of electrically-small metamaterials with lumped tuning elements through a time domain coupled EM-circuit solver

A time domain integral equation based EM-circuit coupled solver is used to simulate metamaterials with lumped circuit elements, and physical properties are then extracted through a generalized constitutive relation. The simulation results point to the possible flexibility of tuning and scaling of metamaterial elements with a consequent effect on the required size of radiating structures and antennas. The proposed method is sufficiently general to model arbitrary active and passive loads.