Smart MMA and GMMA multi-modulus arrays for high data rate channels using QAM signals with dense constellations

Smart antenna arrays utilizing blind adaptive beamforming based on the multi-modulus algorithm (MMA) algorithm are considered. The multi-modulus array (MMARY) can handle signals with only small and medium sized constellations. To capture signals with higher order constellations, a generalized version, based on the generalized multi-modulus algorithm (GMMARY), is proposed. Simulation shows that the MMARY captures small and medium sized QAM signals (≤ 128-QAM) and the GMMARY successfully captures 256-QAM signals.