Temporal Data Dissemination in Vehicular Cyber–Physical Systems

Efficient data dissemination is one of the fundamental requirements to enable emerging applications in vehicular cyber-physical systems. In this paper, we present the first study on real-time data services via roadside-to-vehicle communication by considering both the time constraint of data dissemination and the freshness of data items. Passing vehicles can submit their requests to the server, and the server disseminates data items accordingly to serve the vehicles within its coverage. Data items maintained in the database are periodically updated to keep the information up-to-date. We present the system model and analyze challenges on data dissemination by considering both application requirements and communication characteristics. On this basis, we formulate the temporal data dissemination (TDD) problem by introducing the snapshot consistency requirement on serving real-time requests for temporal data items. We prove that TDD is NP-hard by constructing a polynomial-time reduction from the Clique problem. Based on the analysis of the time bound on serving requests, we propose a heuristic scheduling algorithm, which considers the request characteristics of productivity, status, and urgency in scheduling. An extensive performance evaluation demonstrates that the proposed algorithm is able to effectively exploit the broadcast effect, improve the bandwidth efficiency, and enhance the request service chance.