Statistical characterization and modeling of Doppler spectrum in dynamic on-body channels

The time variation, i.e., time-selective fading, of on-body channels in body area networks is dominated by the body dynamics, which not only contribute to dynamic scattering, but also modify the geometry of links over time. In this letter, we experimentally investigate the Doppler spectra of narrowband on-body channels in anechoic (at 2.45 GHz) and indoor (at 4.2 GHz) environments for people walking. The body dynamics resulting from people walking are shown to directly affect the Doppler spectrum, and empirical models are proposed to describe the global and/or local Doppler spreads.