Nonlinear, nonlaminar, 3-dimensional computation of electron motion through the output cavity of a klystron

The attainment of super-high overall efficiencies from klystrons and TWTs requires knowledge of vector velocities of the electrons prior to their entry into novel depressed collectors. The analysis treats the effects of the fringing rf gap field, the axisymmetric magnetic focusing field, and the space charge field on the three-dimensional flow of an electron beam in a drift tunnel through the output cavity. Both Brillouin and confined flow are treated.