A multi octaves directive dielectric lens: the pyramid antenna

Leaky wave antennas have been investigated for a long time and are typically an inexpensive solution for beam scanning antennas. We have designed a novel antenna topology, named the pyramid antenna, based on the broadband leaky concept. The pyramid antenna, currently covered by a patent application, has unparalleled bandwidth performances that can be briefly summarized as follows: 1) input impedance with low frequency dependence; reflection coefficients lower than -10 dB can be achieved over 1:8 bands; 2) H-plane radiation pattern is essentially frequency independent (on bands 1:10), while in the E-plane the directivity grows as a result of the lens shaping; 3) with respect to the competing Vivaldi type of radiators, the beam is purer in terms of polarization and more directive for comparable impedance bandwidths; 4) the pyramid antenna is suited for coplanar wave-guide excitation which is the natural output of many integrated circuits; 5) pyramid antennas can be arranged in an array using a unique larger lens, if it is wished to use these lenses in an array configuration to scan the beam in the F-plane; in this configuration, the cross polarization levels would be outstanding.