A procedure for calculating the mutual impedance of antennas in a disturbed refracting medium

Disturbances in the propagation medium can have a severe impact on the performance of a radio channel, and it is desirable to have techniques for calculating the magnitude of their effect. The paper develops a procedure for estimating the impact of disturbances upon the mutual impedance between the antennas of the channel. For the undisturbed medium, it is assumed that the length scales are large enough for a geometric optics approach to be valid. Disturbances, however, are allowed to have scales that are small enough for diffraction effects to be important.