Closed-Form Algorithm for 3-D Single-Source Localization With Uniform Circular Array

This letter presents a closed-form algorithm for estimating the three-dimensional (3-D) location (azimuth angle, elevation angle, and range) of a single source with uniform circular array (UCA). Based on a correlation, a closed-form method was recently proposed to estimate the two-dimensional (2-D) angle (azimuth and elevation angle) of a single source with UCA. This letter proposes a generalized algorithm that extends the previous work to a 3-D problem. The proposed algorithm provides all the estimation parameters simultaneously and is computationally simple. Numerical examples are also presented to demonstrate the performance of the proposed algorithm.