Transionospheric simulator for strong scintillation conditions and its use in quantifying scintillation effects for GNSS systems

A transionospheric propagation model has also been developed which can calculatee frequency spectra (power spectra) of the phase and level (log-amplitude) fluctuations in a transionospheric channel of propagation containing time-varying electron density irregularities which produce scintillations and is valid even for strong scintillation conditions. Computer codes have been created to calculate time correlation functions of the phase and log-amplitude fluctuations for real 3D models of the background ionosphere and the anisotropic inverse power law spatial spectrum of fluctuations of the electron density of the ionosphere. Calculated power spectra of these processes can then be employed to produce random time sequences of the log-amplitude and phase of the field. Examples of simulations and their use are presented for both weak and strong scintillation conditions.