A novel method for ultra-high-frequency partial discharge localization in power transformers using the particle swarm optimization algorithm

Nowadays, the localization of partial discharge (PD) in power transformers by measurement of ultra-high-frequency (UHF) electromagnetic (EM) waves from a PD source is receiving more attention. This method is based on comparing the differences in the arrival times, to antennas in the transformer, of EM waves emitted from the PD source. From the measured UHF signal, and factoring in the influence of the transformer active part on the EM wave propagation, the correct determination of an EM wave arrival time in the localization algorithm is a critical task that influences the accuracy of the UHF PD localization method. Nearly all weak points in the dielectric system of power transformers generate PD. These discharges gradually degrade the insulation, leading to transformer failure. It is possible to detect these defects in the early stages of PD generation by measuring and analyzing the PD data. Suitable maintenance and repair strategies can then be implemented.