Accurate Gaze Direction Measurements With Free Head Movement for Strabismus Angle Estimation

Author

Bakker, Nicole M. ; Lenseigne, Boris A. J. ; Schutte, Sander ; Geukers, Elsbeth B. M. ; Jonker, Pieter P. ; van der Helm, Frans C. T. ; Simonsz, Huibert J.

Author_Institution

Dept. of Biomed. Eng., Delft Univ. of Technol., Delft, Netherlands

Volume

60

Issue

11

fYear

2013

fDate

Nov. 2013

Firstpage

3028

Lastpage

3035

Abstract

We present the Delft Assessment Instrument for Strabismus in Young children (DAISY) a device designed to measure angles of strabismus in young children fast and accurately. DAISY allows for unrestrained head movements by the mean of a triple camera vision system that simultaneously estimates the head rotation and the eye pose. The device combines two different methods to record bilateral eye position: corneal reflections (Purkinje images) and pupillary images. Detailed results are provided on three orthotropic subjects (age 25-27). Three different conditions were tested: 1) gaze ahead, 2) gaze ahead with different head rotations, and 3) fixed head with different eye positions. Systematic errors occurred between subjects that need further study. The system reached sufficient accuracy to be applied for the measurement of angles of strabismus, almost independent from the head pose.

Keywords

biomechanics; biomedical equipment; cameras; eye; medical image processing; stereo image processing; visual perception; angle measurement; bilateral eye position; corneal reflections; delft assessment instrument; free head movement; gaze direction measurements; head rotations; orthotropic subjects; pupillary images; strabismus angle estimation; systematic errors; triple camera vision system; unrestrained head movements; young children; Cameras; Cornea; Estimation; Optical imaging; Standards; Visualization; Computer vision; eye pose; head rotation; stereo imaging; strabismus; Adult; Cornea; Diagnostic Techniques, Ophthalmological; Female; Fixation, Ocular; Head Movements; Humans; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Male; Reproducibility of Results; Strabismus;

fLanguage

English

Journal_Title

Biomedical Engineering, IEEE Transactions on

Publisher

ieee

ISSN

0018-9294

Type

jour

DOI

10.1109/TBME.2013.2246161

Filename

6458993