A improved Newton power flow in rectangular form for systems with small impedance branches

The small impedance branch may result in the divergence of Newton power flow both in rectangular form and in polar form. Analysis indicates the configuration of the Jacobian matrix counts for much to the convergence of Newton power flow in rectangular form when it is employed in systems with small impedance branches. The divergence problem can be avoided by modifying the Jacobian matrix, so a constructing method of the Jacobian matrix in Newton power flow in rectangular form is presented. Experimental results validate the convergence analysis and illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.