Notice of RetractionPTC-base injector fuel heat transfer analysis and research during cold-start

Notice of Retraction

After careful and considered review of the content of this paper by a duly constituted expert committee, this paper has been found to be in violation of IEEE´s Publication Principles.

We hereby retract the content of this paper. Reasonable effort should be made to remove all past references to this paper.

The presenting author of this paper has the option to appeal this decision by contacting TPII@ieee.org.

The vehicle has a high harmful material emission during cold-start. It has a close relationship with temperature of the fuel. In this paper, a PTC-base injector is presented, which is embedded PTC material around the fuel ducts of common injector and powered by car inverter. The PTC material possesses a low resistance and quickly generates heat when its temperature is lower than Curie point. This heat will be transfer to the fuel oil. And while the temperature come to the Curie point, the resistance sharply rise and the PTC material almost stop generating heat. Utilizing this special resistance-temperature characteristic, the fuel temperature of nozzle can be controlled in an ideal scope during cold-start. The main work of this paper is modeling for PTC-base injector and analyzing fuel heat transfer in different condition. According to the simulation results, a conclusion is draw that the fuel can be heated very well in PTC-base injector. This result shows that PTC-base injector will produce positive effect to reduce emission.