Impact of plug-in electrical vehicles on voltage profile and losses of residential system

This paper investigates the impacts of PEV charging on the low voltage distribution system and highlights possible detrimental operational issues such as line and transformer overloading, poor voltage profiles and unacceptable system losses. A 415 V residential network including typical daily load variations is modeled for different PEV penetration levels; 20% (low), 30 % (moderate), 60% (high) and 120% (very high, i.e., some nodes with 2 PEVs per house). Two PEV charging schemes are simulated; coordinated and uncoordinated. For each case, three charging periods are considered: green zone (5pm-8am), yellow zone (5pm-10pm) and red zone (during the peak load; 5pm-7pm). Simulation results are used to show the influence of PEVs penetration, charging zones and coordination on system losses, voltage profile and the daily load curve.