A comparative analysis and implementation of various PLL techniques applied to single-phase grids

The scope of this work is to find the best approach to control advanced inverters used to connect electric vehicles to the grid. Phase-locked Loop (PLL) is a grid voltage phase detection that makes use of an orthogonal voltage to lock the grid phase. This method is suitable for both single and three phase systems, although in single-phase, because they have less information, more advanced systems are required. The easiest way to obtain the orthogonal voltage system is using a transport delay block to introduce a phase shift of 90 degrees with respect to the fundamental frequency of the grid voltage. This method is known as Synchronous Reference Frame PLL (SRF-PLL). The use of inverse Park transformation is also possible. To lower the complexity and increasing the filtering of the output signals, methods using adaptive filters are a good alternative. For this approach, the use of a second order generalized integrator (SOGI) or Adaptive Notch filter combined with PLL, Enhanced PLL (EPLL) and Quadrature PLL (QPLL), leads to satisfactory results.