Virtual aperture ground penetrating radar subsurface image formation

Virtual aperture formed by multiple-input multiple-output array can perform forward-looking imaging and thus is widely used in vehicle-mounted ground penetrating radar for standoff detection. In this paper, a subsurface image formation is proposed for virtual aperture ground penetrating radar to focus shallow buried target. The proposed algorithm compensates the refraction and dispersion effects caused by the air-soil propagation environment. Results of real data validate the efficiency of the proposed subsurface image formation.