Impact of the observation geometry on the GNSS-R direct descriptors used for sea state monitoring

In recent years GNSS-R has been proposed for ocean remote sensing, both for altimetry and scatterometry. For the later, two main approaches are available: fitting the measurements with a model, or using some observable from the measurements (either the waveform or the delay-Doppler Map) to be directly linked to ocean surface´s roughness. For ground-based and airborne experiments, several direct observables have been proposed to describe ocean surface´s roughness, and they have been used assuming that the observation geometry had little impact on them. However, it may not be true for a spaceborne scenario, since the dynamics are higher. In this work an extensive simulation study is performed, and the first results on how the observation geometry does impact different GNSS-R direct observables is presented.