Results concerning ultracapacitor-based energy management strategy within electric vehicles

This paper proposes a frequency-based energy management inside of electric vehicles (EV) using ultracapacitors (UCs) as high-energy-density auxiliary power sources. A frequency splitter is used for routing the low-frequency content of power demand into the battery and its high frequencies into the UC system, taking profit from the UC as a peak power unit. The autonomy may thus be increased while also preserving the battery reliability and lifetime. Experimental results with a real UC (Maxwell Boost 165 F) prove the effectiveness of the proposed strategy under real vehicle driving cycle conditions.