Smart charging control for electrical vehicles based on two-level charge management system

The application of large-scale Electric Vehicles (EVs) poses a threat to grid stability if charged without control. It needs expansion of the grid capacity and leads to major investment in current grid and capacity-wasting in low-load time. This paper proposes a solution based on two-level Electric Vehicles Charging Management System (EVCMS) to optimal demand side management by means of scheduling charging time and setting charging rates. The influence factors for power management include electricity prices, state-of-charge (SOC) of the battery, electricity available, park duration and others. All these can be achieved through Charge Terminals (CTs).