Simulation of the influence of whitecap on the scattering of sea surfaces at low grazing angles

It is known to all of us, breaking wave and whitecap can severally affect the radar cross section (RCS) and the Doppler spectrum of sea surfaces, especially at low grazing angles (LGA). Using the slope criterion, this paper simulates the whitecap distribution which is similar with the real situation on the sea surfaces. Radiative transfer theory and Phase-modified Two-scale Method (TSM) are employed to computer the scattering of whitecap and sea surfaces without whitecap, respectively. Considering the Bragg phase velocity and the additional phase velocity of whitecap, the Doppler spectrum of sea surfaces with whitecap is simulated and a good improvement is obtained.