Where has my battery gone? Finding sensor related energy black holes in smartphone applications

Smartphone applications have millions of users. Their energy efficiency is very important. However, we investigated 174 Android applications and found 33 of them suffering serious energy inefficiency problems. Many of these problems are due to ineffective use of sensors and their data. In this paper, we propose a novel approach to systematically diagnose energy inefficiency problems in Android applications. We derive an application execution model from Android specifications, and leverage it to realistically simulate an application´s runtime behavior. Our approach can automatically analyze an application´s sensory data utilization at different states, and report actionable information to help developers locate energy inefficiency problems and identify their root causes. We built a tool called GreenDroid on top of Java PathFinder and evaluated it using six popularly downloaded Android applications. GreenDroid analyzed these applications in a few minutes, and successfully located real energy inefficiency problems in them.