Optoelectronic components for higher order modulation formats

Optical modulators and receivers in various material systems for higher-order modulation formats were discussed. LN-based modulators are useful for high-end LH systems. InP/Si-based modulators show applicability to advanced modulation formats. Powerful DSP will push InP/Si-based modulators into fields from Metro/SR applications. Many approaches in digital coherent receivers are being taken in the direction of size reduction. High-level integration with total optimization based on various aspects is being required. Monolithic/hybrid, optics and electronics performance, transmission reach/application, size, assembling cost, and power consumption etc.