Comparison of passive enforcement techniques for DRAM package models

Passivity enforcement techniques are widely used in DRAM package model development. The Hamiltonian method is one of the common methods used for checking/enforcing passivity of these multiport networks. Enforcing the passivity for non-passive models is not trivial because it is built on several approximation steps starting from building the macromodel, which captures the frequency domain response, and ending with a suitable spice model for the DRAM circuits. Several approximation steps take place to achieve that result, and multiple constraints are used to preserve the original design characteristics. In this paper, we compared residue perturbation with and without error control in order to calculate how passivity enforcement affects the original model accuracy.