A new evolutionary framework for electrical vehicle integration in electric energy markets

This paper proposes an evolutionary market framework for integrating renewables and electric vehicles through smart grids. At each time interval, a mathematical optimization model calculates locational marginal energy costs considering the possible scenarios of future production and load. The associated energy sale/purchase prices are informed to a smart control that optimizes vehicle´s charge/recharge cycles, simultaneously minimizing owner´s costs and maximizing grid´s efficiency and security.