A real-time power allocation algorithm for dispersed energy storages and its communication network design

The paper presents a distributed algorithm that regulates the power output of multiple geographically dispersed energy storages, which are to provide secondary control service. The proposed algorithm is based on the cooperative control principle of the network control theory and it satisfies both power balance requirement and fair utilization among the dispersed energy storages. A virtual leader embedded in one or several energy storages is necessary to receive the power command. In addition, to improve the robustness of communication network among energy storages, one optimization model is formulated to design the so-called `N-1´ abundant network, considering economic issue. Under the proposed algorithm and designed communication network, dispersed energy storages are able to have both self-organizing and adaptive coordination properties even under some adverse conditions. Simulations on the IEEE 123-bus distribution system validate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.