Features of design, implementation, and characterization of on-chip antennas for microwave frequencies

In this article issues of design, implementation, and characterization of integrated antennas are considered along with proposing methods for control of radiation pattern of such antennas using on-chip radiating elements which are as well aid in fulfilling the minimum metal density requirement. Results for suggested radiation pattern management method which can provide up to 42° maximum derivation angle shift for radiation pattern for dipole, patch, and frame on-chip antennas are shown for 5.8, 24, and 60 GHz.