Contourlet transform based digital watermarking resisting 2D-3D conversion

Nowadays with the success of 2D-3D applications, the copyright protection for such cases is becoming increasing important. In this paper, a contourlet transform based watermarking scheme is proposed, which is robust against DIBR-based 2D-3D conversion. In the proposed scheme, the contourlet transform is performed on the center image. Considering that the DIBR transform can be regarded as the horizontal direction movement, coefficients of the low-frequency after contourlet transform are quantized to embed the watermark. Experimental results show that the watermark can be extracted from the virtual left and right image correctly and stably. The proposed scheme achieves better robustness and invisibility, which demonstrates that it is promising in 2D-3D conversion applications.