Geographic Multipath Routing in Duty-Cycled Wireless Sensor Networks with Energy Harvesting

With developments of energy harvesting technolo-gies, rechargeable Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are in-creasing. This paper introduces the energy renewable property and further proposes a novel 2-hop geographic node-disjoint multi-path routing algorithm TPGFPlus in energy consumption balanced duty-cycled WSNs. In our TPGFPlus, a forwarding node selects its next-hop node which is closest to the based station among all its 1-hop and 2-hop neighbor nodes. Moreover, to prolong network lifetime, not all the nodes are awake for sensing and communication in our work since a sleep scheduling algorithm (EC-CKN) is applied to make the network be duty-cycled. We further evaluate the performance of TPGFPlus algorithm under three different forwarding policies, to meet different application requirements. Analysis and simulation results show that TPGFPlus out-performs previous algorithm TPGF on finding more average number of paths and shorter average length of paths, yet without causing additional energy consumption. We also validate different forwarding policies that bring distinct performance improvements.