Voltage-based estimation of residual battery energy in wireless sensor systems

Up to date, numerous studies from a wide range of fields on wireless sensor networks have been performed, and most of them utilize the information of the amount of residual energy on the battery directly or indirectly. However, it is tricky to obtain the information of the residual energy from the real-deployed physical sensor. The residual energy in a battery is usually estimated using a linear function of voltage. We propose a more accurate scheme, for use in wireless sensor nodes, based on the interpolation of lookup tables which allow for temperature and load characteristics, as well as battery voltage.