Characterization of 4×4 planar antenna arrays for the frequencies 77 GHz and 94 GHz using an antenna scanning system

Due to the excessive need for bandwidth, a tendency has been noticed towards using higher frequencies up to the millimeter and sub-millimeter wave range. Antennas are essential components in any communication system. Therefore, we present the design and characterization of two 4×4-phased-array patch antennas which work at 77 and 94 GHz. We also present a transition block from the rectangular waveguide source to the planar structure to forward the radiation to the antenna patches. The radiation pattern of the antennas was measured with a new high-precision antenna scanning system. The antennas are designed for applications in communications and for the development of antenna measuring techniques.